Immigration – Unlawful non-citizens – Detention pending removal from Australia – Where s 189 of Migration Act 1958 (Cth) requires unlawful non-citizen be detained – Where s 196 requires unlawful non-citizen detained under s 189 be kept in immigration detention – Where plaintiff an unlawful non-citizen – Where plaintiff arrived in migration zone using false passport and personal details – Where plaintiff kept in immigration detention since arrival in migration zone – Where plaintiff previously used false personal details – Where plaintiff's identity and nationality not known – Whether ss 189 and 196 authorise plaintiff's detention – Whether ss 189 and 196 constitutionally valid in application to plaintiff.

High Court – Original jurisdiction – Practice – Special case – Drawing of inferences – Where factual basis of questions of law depends on drawing inferences under r 27. 08. 5 of High Court Rules 2004 (Cth) – Where inferences concern likelihood of plaintiff's future removal from Australia – Where prospects of plaintiff's future removal depend on information provided by plaintiff and cooperation by plaintiff – Where plaintiff made false statements and failed to assist and cooperate – Where plaintiff gave inconsistent accounts of personal and family background – Where plaintiff seeks to take advantage of falsehoods and non-cooperation – Whether inferences can be drawn.

Words and phrases – "habeas corpus", "identity", "immigration detention", "inferences", "onus of proof", "prospects of removal", "real prospect", "reasonably foreseeable", "special case", "unlawful non-citizen".

High Court Rules 2004 (Cth) – r 27. 08. 5.

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) – ss 189, 196, 198.

Administrative law (Cth) – Administrative Appeals Tribunal – Nature and scope of review – Where appellant's convictions spent under Pt VIIC of Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) – Where Div 3 of Pt VIIC of Crimes Act prohibited Australian Securities and Investments Commission ("ASIC") from taking into consideration spent convictions in deciding to make banning order – Where review of decision of ASIC by Administrative Appeals Tribunal – Where s 85ZZH(c) of Crimes Act provided that Div 3 of Pt VIIC does not apply to Commonwealth tribunal – Whether Administrative Appeals Tribunal entitled to take into consideration on review spent convictions which ASIC was prohibited from taking into consideration.

Words and phrases – "banning order", "fit and proper person", "function of the original decision-maker", "review", "spent conviction", "stand in the shoes of the decision-maker".

Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 (Cth) – ss 25, 43.

Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) – Pt VIIC, ss 85ZM, 85ZV, 85ZW, 85ZZH(c).

National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Cth) – ss 80, 327.

Constitutional law (Cth) – Powers of Commonwealth Parliament – Federal elections – Severance – Where s 51(xxxvi) in application to ss 10 and 31 of Constitution conferred legislative power on Commonwealth Parliament with respect to federal elections – Where Commonwealth Parliament enacted s 302CA within Div 3A of Pt XX of Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (Cth) – Where s 302CA relevantly conferred authority on person to make, and on "political entity" to receive and retain, gift not prohibited by Div 3A provided that gift or part of it was "required to be, or may be" used for certain purposes relating to federal elections – Where s 302CA provided for displacement of such authority in circumstances including where State or Territory electoral law required gift or part of it to be kept or identified separately to be used only for purpose of State, Territory or local government election – Whether Commonwealth legislative power with respect to federal elections exclusive or concurrent – Whether s 302CA within scope of Commonwealth legislative power with respect to federal elections – Whether possible to sever s 302CA to preserve part of its operation within scope of Commonwealth legislative power.

Constitutional law (Cth) – Inconsistency between Commonwealth and State laws – Gifts to political parties – Where Queensland Parliament passed amendments to Electoral Act 1992 (Qld) and Local Government Electoral Act 2011 (Qld) prohibiting property developers from making gifts to political parties that endorse and promote candidates for election to Legislative Assembly and local government councils – Whether Queensland amendments inconsistent with s 302CA or framework of Pt XX of Commonwealth Electoral Act – Whether s 302CA invalid for infringing principle in University of Wollongong v Metwally (1984) 158 CLR 447; [1984] HCA 74.

Constitutional law (Cth) – Implied freedom of communication about governmental and political matters – Where amendments to Electoral Act 1992 (Qld) substantially replicated provisions in Election Funding, Expenditure and Disclosures Act 1981 (NSW) upheld in McCloy v New South Wales (2015) 257 CLR 178; [2015] HCA 34 – Whether amendments invalid for infringing implied freedom.

Constitutional law (Cth) – Relationship between Commonwealth and States – Doctrine of inter-governmental immunities – Whether implication expounded in Melbourne Corporation v The Commonwealth (1947) 74 CLR 31; [1947] HCA 26 operates reciprocally to protect States and Commonwealth from impermissible interference by law of one polity with operations of government in another – Whether s 302CA invalid for contravening Melbourne Corporation principle – Whether Queensland amendments invalid for contravening Melbourne Corporation principle.

Words and phrases – "bare attempt to limit or exclude State power", "concurrent power", "electoral expenditure", "electoral matter", "exclusive power", "federal elections", "federalism", "immunity from State laws", "incidental", "inconsistency", "inter-governmental immunities", "political entity", "political party", "required to be, or may be, used for the purposes of incurring electoral expenditure, or creating or communicating electoral matter", "severance", "State elections", "structural implication", "sufficient connection".

Constitution – ss 7, 9, 10, 29, 31, 51(xxxvi), (xxxix), 109.

Acts Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth) – ss 13, 15A, 15AD.

Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (Cth) – ss 4AA, 302CA, Pt XX.

Election Funding – Expenditure and Disclosures Act 1981 (NSW), Pt 6, Div 4A.

Electoral Act 1992 (Qld) – Pt 11, Div 8, Subdiv 4.

Local Government Electoral Act 2011 (Qld) – Pt 6, Div 1A.

Local Government Electoral (Implementing Stage 1 of Belcarra) and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2018 (Qld) – Pts 3, 5.

Aviation – Carriage of passengers by air – Accident – Carrier's liability – Where respondent engaged by appellant to carry out survey using helicopter – Where passenger aboard helicopter killed in crash – Where Pt IV of Civil Aviation (Carriers' Liability) Act 1959 (Cth) applied – Where s 28 provided that carrier liable for damage sustained by reason of death of passenger – Where s 35(2) substituted liability under s 28 for any civil liability of carrier under any other law in respect of death of passenger – Where s 34 imposes time limit on availability of right of action created by s 28 – Where widow, daughter and son of passenger brought claims in tort against appellant and respondent for damages for negligently inflicted psychiatric harm resulting from death of passenger – Where claims brought outside time limit prescribed by s 34 – Whether claims precluded by Act.

Words and phrases – "any civil liability of the carrier under any other law", "by reason of the death of the passenger", "claim", "damage sustained", "Hague Protocol", "in respect of the death of the passenger", "Montreal Protocol No 4", "negligently inflicted psychiatric harm", "tort", "Warsaw Convention".

Civil Aviation (Carriers' Liability) Act 1959 (Cth) – ss 28, 34, 35(2), 37.