Courts and judges – Bias - Reasonable apprehension of bias - Direct or indirect shareholding by judge in a corporation which is a party to litigation or financially interested in its outcome - Whether judge automatically disqualified - Principles governing disqualification - Disclosure - Relationship between principles governing disqualification and requirement of disclosure - Necessity - Whether there is a principle of necessity - Circumstances for operation of principle of necessity.
Constitutional Law (Cth) – Chapter III - Judicature of the Commonwealth - Impartiality of Judiciary - Bias - Reasonable apprehension of bias - Whether requirement of impartial and independent judge derived from implications arising from Chapter III of the Constitution.
